According to the studies have shown that smoking may increase the risk of various diseases. Such as heart disease and vascular disorders, impotence, cancer of the larynx, osefagus cancer, bronchitis, lung cancer, oral cavity cancer, high blood pressure, and pregnancy disorders, birth defects and other.
Recent research also shows the dangers of secondhand-smoke, the smoke inhaled by people for non-smokers around smokers, or commonly referred to as passive smokers.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES IN CIGARETTE-
Cigarettes contain more than 4000 elements and at least 200 of which are harmful to health. The main toxins in cigarettes are tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. In addition, the cigarette also contains other chemicals that are not less toxic.
Toxic substances contained in cigarettes, among others, are as follows:
1.Karbon monoxide (CO).
CO gas is a gas that has no odor. This element is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon compounds or carbon elements. CO gas produced cigarette can reach 3-6%, this gas can in the suction by anyone. By people who smoke or people closest to the smokers, or people who are in one room. A smoke will only suck the third part, namely the current middle or mid-stream, while the current edge (side - stream) will remain outside. After that smokers will not swallow all the smoke but he sprayed again out.
CO gas has the ability to bind to hemoglobin (Hb) contained in red blood cells (erythrocytes) are stronger than oxygen, so that whenever there is smoke in addition to the oxygen content of air is reduced, plus the red blood cells will be starved of oxygen, therefore transported CO and O2 is not the (oxygen). Cells were suffering from lack of oxygen the body will try to improve that through the blood vessels by way of compensation shrink or spasm. If the spasm lasts long and constantly then be easily damaged blood vessels by the process of atherosclerosis (narrowing). Narrowing of the blood vessels going to happen everywhere. In the brain, heart, lung, kidney, on foot, in the birth canal, in the placenta in pregnant women.
2 Nicotine
Nicotine is a very powerful opiate. Nicotine cigarettes contain more addictive substances (substances that cause addiction) than heroin or cocaine. The tobacco companies often manipulate the levels of nicotine in their cigarettes to give a sense of the production remains the same. They also can not ensure the same levels of nicotine in each cigarette you suction.
Nicotine contained in cigarette smoke between 0.5 - 3 ng, and everything is absorbed, so that the fluid in the blood or plasma between 40-50 ng / ml.
Nicotine is not carcinogenic components. The results of the decay heat of nicotine as dibensakridin, dibensokarbasol, and the one that nitrosamines are carcinogenic. In the lungs, nicotine can inhibit the activity of cilia. As well as heroin and cocaine, nicotine also has the characteristics of addictive and psychoactive effects. Smokers will feel the pleasure, reduced anxiety, tolerance and physical attachment. That is why once smoking is difficult to quit.
Lungs of smokers
The effects of nicotine lead to hormone stimulation kathekolamin (adrenaline) which is stimulate the heart and blood pressure. The heart was not given opportunity to rest and blood pressure will be elevated, resulting in the onset of hypertension.
Another effect berkelompoknya stimulate platelets (blood clotting cells), platelets will clot and eventually will clog the blood vessels that are already narrow due to smoke containing CO from cigarettes.
3 Tar
Tar is a substance produced in the combustion of tobacco (cigarettes incredible) and other plant material (herbal cigarettes) when a person smokes. He is a mixture of several substances that together form a mass that can be embedded in lung-paru.Tar is kind of thick liquid is dark brown or black substance which is a hydrocarbon that is sticky and stick to the lungs. The tar in cigarette between 0.5 to 35 mg per cigarette. Tar is a carcinogen that can cause cancer of the airway and lungs.
4 Cadmium
Cadmium is a substance that can be toxic to the body tissues, especially the kidneys.
5. Acrolein
Acrolein is a colorless liquid such as aldehydes. These substances contain a little more alcohol content. That is, acrolein is a liquid alcohol has been taken. This liquid is very detrimental to health.
6 Ammonia
Ammonia is a colorless gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. This substance smells sharp and very stimulating. Once the rigors of toxins that exist in ammonia so if it gets a little too into the blood circulation will lead to a person fainting or coma.
7 Acid Format
Formic acid is a kind of colorless liquid that moves freely and can create blisters. This liquid is very sharp and penetrating odor. These substances can cause a person to feel like being bitten by ants.
8 Hydrogen Cyanide / HCN
Hydrogen cyanide is a gas that is colorless, odorless and tasteless. This substance is the lightest substance, flammable and highly efficient to prevent breathing and respiratory damage. Cyanide is a toxic substance that is extremely dangerous. Few cyanide inserted directly into the body can result in death.
9. Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous oxide is a gas that is colorless, and when inhaled can cause loss of judgment and cause pain. Nitrous oxide is a substance that can be used initially as a tranquilizer time to perform surgery by a doctor.
10 Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a kind of colorless gas with a sharp odor. This gas is classified as a preservative and disinfectant. This is also very toxic gas hard toward all living organisms.
11. Phenol
Phenol is a mixture of crystals produced from the distillation of some organic substances such as wood and charcoal, and the charcoal is obtained from tar. This substance is toxic and dangerous because phenol is bound to the protein and blocking the enzyme activity.
12. Asetol
Asetol is the result of heating the aldehyde (a type of colorless substances which are free to move) and volatile with alcohol.
Hydrogen sulfide 13.
Hydrogen sulfide is a kind of poisonous gas that burns easily with a harsh odor. This substance prevents oxidation enzymes (iron containing pigment).
14. Pyridine
Pyridine is a kind of colorless liquid with a pungent odor. These substances can be used to change the properties of alcohol as a solvent and pest killers.
15. Methyl Chloride
Methyl chloride is a mixture of substances monovalent between hydrogen and carbon are elements of the primary. This substance is a toxic organic compounds.
16. Methanol
Methanol is a kind of lighter fluid volatile and flammable. Drinking or suck methanol lead to blindness and even death.
As a result of Smoking
Negative effects of cigarettes, is already starting to feel at the time a new person started smoking cigarettes. In a burning cigarette smoke because sucked, imperfect burning tobacco so menghasilkanCO (carbon mono oxide), which in addition to its own smoke, tar and nicotine (which is the case also of the burning tobacco) inhaled into the airway.
CO, Tar and Nicotine effect on the nerves that cause:
- Restlessness, hand shaking (tremors)
- Taste / decreased appetite
- Pregnant women who smoke may be the possibility of miscarriage abortion
Tar and Smoke
Tar and cigarette smoke stimulates airway, and the tar was buried canals that lead to:
- Cough-cough or shortness of breath
- Tar attached to the airway can cause cancer of the airway,
tongue or lip
nicotine
Nicotine stimulates the rise of adrenaline from the adrenal hormone that causes:
- Heart palpitations
- Improve blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the blood,
pliers closely with the occurrence of heart attack
Gas CO (Carbon Mono Oxide)
Gas CO also negatively affect the airway of blood vessels.
Carbon mono oxide is more easily bound to hemoglobin than oxygen
Therefore, the blood of many people who possessed CO, will be reduced payload power for oxygen and people can die due to carbon mono oxide poisoning. In a smoker will not happen until the CO poisoning, but the effect of CO is inhaled by the smoker with little by little, slowly but surely have a negative effect on the airway.
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